Characterization of cell death caused by diplodiatoxin and dipmatol, toxic metabolites of stenocarpella maydis author links open overlay panel mxolisi g. Consignments not certified free from fungus ear rot of corn stenocarpella macrospora, ear rot of corn stenocarpella maydis and corn smut ustilago maydis, are to be treated with one of the following fungicide combinations, either. The objective of this study was to provide a better understanding of the interrelationship between methods of screening for resistance to ear rot, caused by stenocarpella maydis. Gloerc abacterial food pathogens and mycology, national center for agricultural utilization research, agricultural research service. Identification, management, and population diversity doctor of philosophy kiersten a. In this work, 160 strains were isolated from soil of corn crops of which 10 showed antifungal. Stenocarpella macrospora and stenocarpella maydis may result in the seedlings death or cause rotting at the corn stalk base and in all or part of the ear. Accumulation of toxigenic fusarium species and stenocarpella. The inheritance of resistance as well as genetic and phenotypic correlation of various selection criteria were investigated. Diplodia una enfermedad poco conocida del maiz unisem. Hernandezdominguez, maura telleztellez, virginia mandujanogonzalez, yuridia mercadoflores and gerardo diazgodinez.
Pdf a dnabased method to quantify stenocarpella maydis. Throughout its evolution, maize has undergone an intensive domestication process and concurrently it has presented particular susceptibility to certain pathogenic microorganisms that directly influence kernel production and quality, such as stenocarpella maydis, which is a fungus responsible for rot in ears and kernels and causes a disease known as ear rot. Diplodia ear rot has become a common disease in indiana corn. The present disclosure teaches the protection of plants and human and nonhuman subjects from pathogens. Diplodiosis, a neuromycotoxicosis of cattle and sheep grazing on mouldy cobs infected by stenocarpella maydis, is considered the last major veterinary mycotoxicosis for which the causative mycotoxin is still unknown. Seedlings develop brown, cortical lesions on the internode between the scutellum and coleoptile, and the seminal roots are frequently destroyed. Although stalk and ear rot is a major disease affecting corn plants, little is known regarding the genetic variability of stenocarpella maydis, its main causal agent. Race t no longer considered a threat since the transition to normal cytoplasm corn 2. These fungi are important mycotoxin producers that cause different pathologies in farmed animals and represent an important risk for humans.
Stenocarpella maydis can significantly reduce yield or grain quality see symptoms and signs as there is a decrease on kernel size, and lower test weight. Cytotoxicity of diplodiatoxin, dipmatol and diplonine. The current study was aimed at characterizing the cell death observed in mouse neuroblastoma neuro2a, chinese hamster ovary chok1 and madindarby bovine kidney mdbk cell. Diplodia maydis, trichoderma viride, nigrospora oryzae, penicillium oxalicum, etc. Cochliobolus carbonum, stenocarpella macrospora and s. Diplodiosis is a neuromycotoxicosis of cattle and sheep caused by ingestion of maize infected with the earrot fungus stenocarpella diplodia maydis.
The kulinkovich cyclopropanation of the methyl ester of ncbz serine acetonide gave the hydroxycyclopropyl moiety. Isolation of bacteria with antifungal activity against the. Twelve tropical inbred lines with varying resistance to either or both pathogens were mated in a full diallel. The increase in notill or reducedtill acreage, plus continuous corn without rotation are factors that favor diplodia ear rot. A dnabased method to quantify stenocarpella maydis in maize. Lightweight ears usually stand upright with inner husks adhering tightly to one another on the ear because of mycelial mold growth between them.
Bipolaris maydis, also known as drechslera maydis or cochliobolus heterostrophus, causes southern corn leaf blight sclb and stalk rot 1. Stenocarpella macrospora stenocarpella maydis b possible contaminating pests consignments of seed should be free from soil to prevent introduction of soilborne pests which may infect other hosts. Effects of stenocarpella maydis in seeds and in the initial development of corn1 carolina da silva siqueira2, ellen noly barrocas3, jose da cruz machado2, ursula abreu da silva2, iara eleuteria dias2 abstract the association of the fungus stenocarpella maydis with corn seed may cause a reduction of seed germination. The present disclosure enables a multivalent approach to inhibiting pathogen infection in plant and human and nonhuman animal subjects and to ameliorate damage to susceptible subjects. Ijms free fulltext isolation of bacteria with antifungal. Maize is produced mainly in the northwest, the northwestern, northern and eastern free state, the mpumalanga highveld and the kwazulunatal midlands. The project works to allow users to contribute quality articles and media files to the encyclopedia and track their progress as they are developed. Diplodia zeae and stenocarpella maydis husks of earlyinfected ears appear bleached or strawcolored. Feb 01, 20 read resistance breeding strategy for stenocarpella maydis and fusarium graminearum cob rots in tropical maize, plant breeding on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Breeding for resistance to ear rot of maize, caused by.
Stenocarpella maydis and sporisorium reilianum are phytopathogenic fungi that cause white rot in corn cob and head smut in maize zea mays l. Pm 378 1 consignment inspection of seed and grain of. This fungus causes a seedling blight as well as stem and cob rot of maize marasas, 1977. The kulinkovich cyclopropanation allowed also the preparation of other nonnatural. Effects of stenocarpella maydis in seeds and in the. The most significant negative association involved f. Head smut maize sphacelotheca reiliana, ustilago maydis gray leaf spot maize cercospora zeamaydis maize leaf blight drechslera turcicum stalk rot ear rot maize fusarium graminearum, f. Use fungicides to prevent disease at or before the time vines begin to touch within the row. Maize cob rot caused by fusarium graminearum and stenocarpella maydis affects grain yield and quality.
Seed health summary notes university of nairobi personal. Country phytosanitary requirements, seed free from. According to the eppo specific quarantine requirements oeppeppo, 1990 for. Aphis entities accredited under the national seed health. Characterization of cell death caused by diplodiatoxin and.
Stenocarpella maydis berkeley sutton, anamorph atcc. Maydis inspection and test methods for maize seeds specific scope this standard describes the inspection and test methods for cochliobolus carbonum, stenocarpella macrospora and s. In 20, the corn disease working group estimated that the corn producing regions of the united states and ontario, canada had losses of 7. In this study, we evaluated intersimple sequence repeat issr primers for analysis of genetic variability of the pathogen. Influence of stenocarpella maydis infected corn on the composition of corn kernel and its conversion into ethanol bruce s. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks. Stenocarpella maydis, stenocarpella macrospora, sphaceloteca reiliana trogoderma variabile.
Diplodia stalk and ear rot are caused by the fungus stenocarpella maydis. If seeds are chemically treated, wash thoroughly in running water for 1020 minutes to remove seed treatment. Bioactive metabolites from stenocarpella maydis, a stalk and ear rot pathogen of maize donald t. Diplodia stalk and ear rot kansas state university. Public health service guidelines, it is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that their facilities comply with biosafety regulations for their own country.
Important pests that are transmitted in soil2 include. Genomic selection to resistance to stenocarpella maydis in. If infection occurs early, some ears may not produce harvestable grain or seed vigor can be compromised. Resistance breeding strategy for stenocarpella maydis and. Cabi, wallingford bernstein b, zehr ei, dean ra, shabi e 1995 characteristics of colletotrichum from peach, apple, pecan, and other hosts. Apart from ataxia, paresis, and paralysis, the toxin is responsible for stillbirths and neonatal losses characterized by the presence of spongiform degeneration in the white matter of the brain in the offspring of dams exposed to infected maize. Stewartii, diplodia stenocarpella macrospora and stenocarpella maydis, auger beetle dinoderus bifoveolatus and maize leaf spot cochliobolus carbonum 4 seeds of rice oryza spp. Effects of stenocarpella maydis in seeds and in the initial. One of the most prevalent moulds on harvested maize throughout the world. Diplodia ear rot is caused by the fungus diplodia maydis. Gloerc abacterial food pathogens and mycology, national center for agricultural utilization research, agricultural research service, u. Examining the experiences of black women in engineering industry, monique s.
Pdf incidence of stenocarpella maydis ear rot of corn. The symptoms are manifested many weeks after infection, affecting mainly the root, stalk, and cobs that later show a white cottony fungal growth. Diplodiatoxin and dipmatol affected mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase mtt assay and the overall viability of cells as assessed in. Fungi imperfecti with pycnidia, acervuli and stromata. Disease management strategies include tillage practices and crop rotations, however, these have not been sufficiently evaluated in south africa. Effects of stenocarpella maydis in seeds and in the initial development of corn1 carolina da silva siqueira2, ellen noly barrocas3, jose da cruz machado2, ursula abreu da silva2, iara eleuteria dias2 abstract the association of the fungus stenocarpella maydis with corn seed may cause a reduction of seed germination and vigor of the emerged seedlings. Bioactive metabolites from stenocarpella maydis, a stalk. Sphacelotheca reiliana, ustilago maydis gray leaf spot maize cercospora zeamaydis maize leaf blight drechslera turcicum stalk rot ear rot maize f. Enantiomerically pure scleonin, a key component of the antitumor antibiotic cleomycin, was prepared starting from rserine. Abstractstenocarpella maydis and stenocarpella macrospora are the causal agents of. There are three races of this pathogen race o, race t, and race c.
Mycotoxigenic fungi such as fusarium graminearum, fusarium verticillioides and stenocarpella maydis infecting maize grain can be detrimental to both humans and animals due to the toxins they produce. The white ear rot of corn disease is caused by the fungi stenocarpella maydis and s. Period between sterilizing and loading should not exceed 21 days. Purification and biochemical characterization edna m. The invention relates to a method for the production of transgenic plants andor plant cells with increased pathogen resistance, characterized in that a dna sequence coding for a protein having peroxidase activity is introduced into the plant and expressed therein. Ep1759005b1 method for increasing pathogenresistance in. Consult your local extension specialist for legal and efficacious fungicide products available in your state. The symptoms are manifested several weeks after infection, mainly affecting the root, stalk, and. Black minute pycnidia may be scattered on husks, floral bracts and sides. Hybrid genetics and weather are also major factors that. Purification and biochemical characterization, biores. The objective of this study was to investigate the appropriateness of multiple infection as a selection and breeding strategy for multiple resistance to f.
Bothab atoxicology and ethnoveterinary medicine, food, feed and veterinary public health ffvph programme, agricultural research councilonderstepoort veterinary institute arcovi, p. The injection also comprises the use of nucleic acids coding for peroxidase in the production of transgenic plants or plant cells. Aug 10, 2016 although stalk and ear rot is a major disease affecting corn plants, little is known regarding the genetic variability of stenocarpella maydis, its main causal agent. Aug 29, 2011 stenocarpella maydis and stenocarpella macrospora are the causal agents of ear rot in corn, which is one of the most destructive diseases in this crop worldwide.
Pdf a dnabased method to quantify stenocarpella maydis in. This study aimed to develop a method for the purification of a xylanase called smxl1 produced by stenocarpella maydis and its biochemical characterization. Pdf stenocarpella macrospora and stenocarpella maydis in. Stenocarpella maydis dipdmaoverview eppo global database. The role of individual variation in auditory and visual processing. Aphis entities accredited under the national seed health system mcompany and accreditation status. Mar 29, 2018 mycotoxigenic fungi such as fusarium graminearum, fusarium verticillioides and stenocarpella maydis infecting maize grain can be detrimental to both humans and animals due to the toxins they produce. The efficacy of crop rotation in reducing corn ear rot caused by stenocarpella maydis in reduced and conventional tillage systems was determined over five and four seasons, respectively, at two. Banana leaves, maize, rice, sorghum, palm, wheat straw, soil. Diplonine, a neurotoxin isolated from cultures of the. Identification, management, and population diversity, martha p. The increase in notill or reducedtill fields and the repeated planting of corn without rotation increase the likelihood that the disease, caused by the fungus, stenocarpella maydis, will be present in the field. Stenocarpella macrospora and stenocarpella maydis 3 detection and identification symptoms seedlings infected seed gives rise to preemergence death in cold soils or blighted seedlings in warmer soils. Bioactive metabolites from stenocarpella maydis, a stalk and.
The amino alcohol region was further oxidized to amino acid. Purification and characterization of the extracellular. Abstract article pdf this study aimed to develop a method for the purification of a xylanase called smxl1 produced by stenocarpella maydis and its biochemical characterization. The cytotoxicity of three stenocarpella maydis metabolites diplodiatoxin, dipmatol and diplonine was investigated on neuro2a, chok1 and mdbk cell lines. This article is from international journal of molecular sciences, volume 12. Open access dissertations theses and dissertations. Jan 01, 2016 read purification and characterization of the extracellular aspartyl protease apsm1 from the phytopathogen fungus stenocarpella maydis, protein expression and purification on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. This article is within the scope of wikiproject fungi, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of fungi on wikipedia. Stenocarpella maydis and stenocarpella macrospora are the causal agents of ear rot in corn, which is one of the most destructive diseases in this crop worldwide.
Diplonine, a neurotoxin isolated from cultures of the fungus. A status spongiosus similar to that of the field cases was present in the white matter of the brains of all the affected lambs. Xanthomonas stewartii e f smith dowson is not known to occur in the area of productionthe seeds were tested and found to be free from xanthomonas stewartii e f smith dowson. Schots a, dewey fm, oliver rp eds modern assays for plant pathogenic fungi. Diplodiatoxin was the most cytotoxic followed by dipmatol. The enzyme was purified using a rotofor preparative chamber and one chromatographic step in an ion exchange column coupled to equipment fplc.
Zea mays seed department of agriculture and water resources. Leaf spots at first elliptical, becoming rectangular, up to 2. In this chapter the characteristics of the above diseases, such as their life cycle, pathogenicity factors, control methods, as well as the biotechnological potential of. General information about stenocarpella maydis dipdma eppo global database. Stenocarpella maydis, stenocarpella macrospora, sphaceloteca reiliana trogoderma. Do not save seeds from fields where bipolaris maydis has been observed. Globodera pallida, globodera rostochiensis, xiphinema americanum sensu.
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